Cancer treatment-related neurological toxicity

Abstract

Cancer treatment-related neurological toxicity is common and may result in severe complications. Peripheral involvement, often incapacitating, remains the most frequent involvement. Central involvement is less frequent, but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Differential diagnosis include opportunistic infections and neurological infiltration by the malignancy. Some of these conditions are easily recognizable and potentially reversible, with a prompt diagnosis and early implementation of appropriate supportive and etiological therapies. Neuroprotection is also being evaluated to reduce side-effects resulting from cancer chemotherapy.