How does air pollution affect the decompensations of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of an intensivist?

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Abstract

Air pollution has detrimental effects on human health. Studies show an increased risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in individuals with chronic exposure. In critically ill patients, exposure to pollution is associated with a higher risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome and other pulmonary complications. The mechanisms involved include exacerbation of lung inflammation, impaired immune response, and a potential increase in susceptibility to infections. Pollution spikes, often linked to extreme weather events (heatwaves, wildfires), can lead to a significant increase in intensive care unit admissions, particularly for respiratory reasons. Climate change, by promoting extreme events and altering air quality, amplifies the risks associated with air pollution. It is therefore crucial to consider the impact of air pollution in the care of critically ill patients. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and develop appropriate prevention and management strategies.