Oxygen therapy in all its forms: how to administer oxygen in 2014?

Abstract

Oxygen should be administrated in case of tissue hypoxia but has to be adapted to the level of hypoxemia. Taking into account the risks of tissue hypoxia as well as the potential adverse effects of oxygen therapy, permissive hypoxemia or conversely hyperoxia cannot be currently recommended. A targeted and individualized prescription seems essential. Oxygen delivery systems are changing and oxygen therapy becomes more efficient and comfortable for the patients. These evolutions open up new horizons. Consistently, heated and humidified nasal high-flow oxygen therapy takes an increasing place in the intensive care units. In selected patients, it could avoid the need for mechanical ventilation. Other clinical trials remain required to better clarify indications.