Management of ischaemic cardiogenic shock: an update

Abstract

Cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction still remains a clinical challenge. Early revascularization represented the last major improvement aiming at the mortality reduction; however, despite optimal pharmacological treatments, mortality still exceeds 40%. Treatment with catecholamines is limited by arrhythmia, increases myocardial oxygen consumption, and is associated with worsened prognosis. Due to multiple beneficial hemodynamic and systemic effects, therapeutic hypothermia seems a promising tool. At least, life support aims to ensure adequate coronary and systemic circulation to limit multi-organ failure while preserving the myocardium and reducing the risk of ischemia. While intra-aortic balloon pump has been questioned recently in a large randomized controlled trial, other circulatory support devices have proved their effectiveness on early hemodynamic parameters without improving mortality, except for refractory shock. Large randomized trials are required to define the exact role of these devices according to patient’s hemodynamic status. Early diagnosis, coupled with the intensive management of shock based on effective reperfusion and adequate circulatory support, is the only way to limit or even better prevent multi-organ failure occurrence and thus improve outcome.